## Euler’s Polygon Triangulation Problem

Problem Let P be a convex polygon with $$n$$ sides. Calculate in how many different ways the polygon can be divided into triangles using diagonals that do not intersect each other in the interior of P. This problem was proposed by Euler in 1751 to his friend Christian Goldbach. Read more…

## Number of Rectangles in a Square Lattice

Problem 1 Let a square lattice of dimensions $$n \times n$$ be given.Calculate the number $$R$$ of different rectangles which can be drawn, with the vertices in the lattice points.Two rectangles are considered different if they have different sizes or are in different positions. SolutionLet us first consider the case Read more…

## Steiner’s Division of Plane and Space

Problem 1 Calculate the maximum number of parts in which a plane can be divided by $$n$$ lines. Solution 1.1A necessary condition is that the $$n$$ lines must intersect two by two and no three lines intersect at the same point. We can proceed by induction: once we draw $$k$$ lines, Read more…

## Introduction to Fractals – Koch Snowflake

Euclidean geometry studies geometric objects such as lines, triangles, rectangles, circles, etc. Fractals are also geometric objects; however, they have specific properties that distinguish them and cannot be classified as objects of classical geometry. Although Mandelbrot (1924-2010) is generally considered the father of the scientific theory of fractals, in reality the ideas underlying Read more…

## The Problem of the Four Liars

Problem There are four people A, B, C, D. A box with a red ball inside it is given to A, who can leave things unchanged with probability $$p$$ or replace the red ball with a white one with probability $$q=1-p$$. The box is passed to B who can leave Read more…

## Gauss’s Modular Arithmetic and Fermat’s Little Theorem

1) Gauss’s Modular Arithmetic Given a positive integer $$m$$, we say that two integers $$a$$ and $$b$$ are congruent modulo $$m$$ if they give the same remainder when divided by $$m$$. We use the following notation introduced by the German mathematician Gauss: \[ a \equiv b Read more…